Continuity is particularly a concern in the production of film and television due to the difficulty of rectifying an error in continuity after shooting has wrapped up. It also applies to other art forms, including novels, comics, anime, videogames and animation, though usually on a smaller scale.
180 Degree Rule:
The 180° rule is a basic guideline in film making that states that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If the camera passes over the imaginary axis connecting the two subjects, it is called crossing the line. The new shot, from the opposite side, is known as a reverse angle.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/180_degree_rule
This term refers to the rule that once a spatial relationship has been confirmed with the establishing shot, no close-up will cross the imaginary ...
faculty.salisbury.edu/~dtjohnson/filmterms.htm
Whilst planning and acctually filming we need to consider the 180 degree rule to help with our continuity. For example, filming a character walking across the frame, we have to film on one side of an imaginary line, crossing the line must be avoided, crossing the line is disregarding the 180 degree rule.
Planning and Storyboarding techniques:
4 basic camera moverments; panning[left to right, from a fixed point], tilting[up and down, from a fixed point], tracking[left to right, not fixed], jibing[up and down, not fixed].
Shot sizes; Close up, extreme close up, medium close up, long shot, medium long shot, medium shot and 3/4 shot. aswell as an establishing shot, which is not included in the shot sizes.
Framing; people, objects, where they are placed in the frame.
Arrows; to show camera movements [outside the box] and character movement [inside the box]the rule of 3rds; if a character is moving in a shot, the character is allways a third of the frame from the edge of the frame, so there is plenty of space to for character movement, so that they dont go out of shot.
Over the shoulder; the camera is positioned so that you can see over the shoulder of a person, to film the actions of another, sometimes you will be able to see some of the persons shoulder or face.
Diegetic/non-diegetic sound; diegetic sound is sound of which the character can hear/see the source, where as non-diegetic the character cannot.
Pre production documentation:
Group discussion-basic briefing:
First of all our group brain stormed ideas for our short production, of a man/woman walking into a room sitting at a desk and exchanging dialouge with the person behind the desk.
We thought about camera effects/techniques such as panning, zooming, tilting and tracking. we also thought about the amount of characters, props e.g. costumes and other props, and location. ideas for the scene were brought forward by each person of the group, ideas such as an office type environment and an interigation type scene.
We decided that because of the size of our group [3] we had to incorperate someone from outside of our media class so that we had a total of 3 characters, and 1 camera man.
It will be an interigation scene where a scruffy man, with bruises and some blood on his face would be walked down a corridor by a smartly dressed man then pushed into a room , in which a man would be seated at a desk also smartly dressed, the scruffy man would then cross the room nervously, and the camera would follow him like cctv.
He would then sit down at the desk opposite the man and they would exchange conversation, in which the man who was already seated at the desk would ask the scruffy man questions. the scruffy man would give short nervous replies.
Then the smart dressed man stands up, walks around the desk, lays his hands on the scruffy mans shoulders and says something like, "thats not what i wanted to hear", and walk out of the room. as he walks out the other smartly dressed man walks in, and then it will cut to a scene from outside the room, and the door will close slowly. and then gun shots will be heard.
*We will start off by filming the men walking down the corridor, scruffy man being pushed by the suited man, using panning to follow them walking in a medium long shot.
*Then a shot of the suited man pushing the scruffy man into the room, closing the door and walking out of shot medium shot from a static point.
*Then the scene would cut to inside the room, where the camera would be positioned like a cctv camera, and pan across as the man goes to the desk, medium long shot.
*Then as the conversation takes place we will use shot-reverse-shot to catch all the conversation, match-on-action, from a medium close up.
*Then as the suited man stands up and walks out the camera follows the mans movements to the door, medium long shot, and then stays static as the other suited man walks in, gun held by his leg.
*Finally it will cut to outside the room, where we will see the door close slowly, medium shot, and then gun fire sounds. the camera still focused on the door in medium shot.
This uses;
Panning
Shot-reverse-shot
Match-on-action
We are also taking into account the 180 deg. rule, and considering where we would place the camera for the shots.
Script:
INTERROGATRION
1 EXT. POLICE INVESTIGATION CENTRE. AUTUMN 2008.
AFTERNOON
THE SUSPECT WALKS ACROSS THE OVERPASS FOLLOWED BY A SUITED INDIVIDUAL.
2 INT. INTERROGATION ROOM. AUTUMN 2008.
AFTERNOON
THE SUSPECT IS PUSHED INTO THE INTERROGATION ROOM BY THE SUITED INDIVIDUAL WHO CLOSES THE DOOR BEHIND HIM.
3 INT. INTERROGATION ROOM. AUTUMN 2008.
AFTERNOON
THE INTERROGATOR IS SITTING AT A TABLE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ROOM TO WHICH THE SUSPECT MAKES HIS WAY TO IN AN INTIMIDATED WAY AND SITS DOWN OPPOSITE THE INTERROGATOR.
INTERROGATOR(STERNLY)
For the last time, where were you on the 22nd June at approx. 21 hours?
SUSPECT(NERVOUSLY)
I've already told you this.
INTERROGATOR(SHARPLY)
Well quite frankly I don’t think its good enough. Now answer the question!
SUSPECT(AGITATEDLY AND STUTTERING)
I’ve already t-told you e-everything.
INTERROGATOR(STANDS, WALKS AROUND THE DESK INTIMIDATING AND LAYS HIS HANDS ON THE SUSPECT’S SHOULDERS)
(STERNLY)
That’s not what I wanted to hear.
4 INT. OUTSIDE THE INTERROGATION ROOM. AUTUMN2008.
AFTERNOON
INTERROGATOR LEAVES THE ROOM, AS THE SUITED INDIVIDUAL ENTERS. AFTER THIS THE INTERROGATOR CLOSES THE DOOR BEHIND HIM AND WALKS OFF. A FEW SECONDS LATER A GUNSHOT IS SOUNDED.
(FADE TO BLACK)
Shot list:
Storyboard:
Location recce:
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